Martin Panteleev, born into a family of musicians, received his first violin lessons at the age of four. He began his musical education at the Lyubomir Pipkov National Music School in Sofia, where he studied until 1995. He then continued his studies at the Sofia State Music Academy in the violin class of Professor Iosif Radionoff. At the same time, he studied conducting and composition with Professor Vassil Kasandzhiev.

In 1999, Martin Panteleev became Principal Guest Conductor and Soloist of the Philharmonic of Nations, founded by Leonard Bernstein and Justus Frantz. With this orchestra, he performed in over 1,000 concerts in Europe, Asia, and the USA until 2003. After his debut with the Sofia Philharmonic Orchestra in 2004, he became a permanent guest conductor and served as the orchestra's Chief Conductor from 2011 to 2017.

During his career, Martin Panteleev has worked with more than 30 international orchestras, including the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the English Chamber Orchestra, the Concertgebouw Chamber Orchestra, the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, the Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra, the Slovenian National Opera, the Romanian National Radio Orchestra, the Shenzhen Symphony Orchestra, the Royal Bangkok Symphony Orchestra, the Symphony Nova Scotia, the Orquesta Philharmonica de Jalisco in Mexico, the Orquesta Sinfonica de Buenos Aires and others.